What is KANA?
Hiragana and katakana are Japanese syllabary, one component of the Japanese writing system along with kanji, and in some cases the Latin script (known as romaji).
Katakana and hiragana are both kana systems; they have corresponding character sets (both of them have 48 characters) in which each kana, or character, represents one mora (one sound in the Japanese language).
There are two main systems of ordering katakana and hiragana: the old-fashioned iroha ordering, and the more prevalent gojūon ordering.
Hiragana (平仮名, ひらがな or ヒラガナ)
Hiragana is used to write native words for which there are no kanji, including grammatical particles such as から kara "from", and suffixes such as さん~san "Mr., Mrs., Miss, Ms." Likewise, hiragana is used to write words whose kanji form is obscure, not known to the writer or readers, or too formal for the writing purpose. There is also some flexibility for words that have common kanji renditions to be optionally written instead in hiragana, according to an individual author's preference. Verb and adjective inflections, as, for example, be-ma-shi-ta (べました) in tabemashita (食べました, "ate"), are written in hiragana, often following a verb or adjective root (here, "食") that is written in kanji. When Hiragana is used to show the pronunciation of kanji characters as reading aid, it is referred to as furigana.
Hiragana is used to write native words for which there are no kanji, including grammatical particles such as から kara "from", and suffixes such as さん~san "Mr., Mrs., Miss, Ms." Likewise, hiragana is used to write words whose kanji form is obscure, not known to the writer or readers, or too formal for the writing purpose. There is also some flexibility for words that have common kanji renditions to be optionally written instead in hiragana, according to an individual author's preference. Verb and adjective inflections, as, for example, be-ma-shi-ta (べました) in tabemashita (食べました, "ate"), are written in hiragana, often following a verb or adjective root (here, "食") that is written in kanji. When Hiragana is used to show the pronunciation of kanji characters as reading aid, it is referred to as furigana.
Katakana (片仮名, カタカナ or かたかな)
The word katakana means "fragmentary kana", as the katakana characters are derived from components of more complex kanji. In contrast to the hiragana syllabary, which is used for those Japanese language words and grammatical inflections which kanji does not cover, the katakana syllabary is primarily used for transcription of foreign language words into Japanese and the writing of loan words (collectively gairaigo). It is also used for emphasis, to represent onomatopoeia, and to write certain Japanese language words, such as technical and scientific terms, and the names of plants, animals, and minerals. Names of Japanese companies are also often written in katakana rather than the other systems.
Katakana are characterized by short, straight strokes and angular corners, and are the simplest of the Japanese scripts.
The word katakana means "fragmentary kana", as the katakana characters are derived from components of more complex kanji. In contrast to the hiragana syllabary, which is used for those Japanese language words and grammatical inflections which kanji does not cover, the katakana syllabary is primarily used for transcription of foreign language words into Japanese and the writing of loan words (collectively gairaigo). It is also used for emphasis, to represent onomatopoeia, and to write certain Japanese language words, such as technical and scientific terms, and the names of plants, animals, and minerals. Names of Japanese companies are also often written in katakana rather than the other systems.
Katakana are characterized by short, straight strokes and angular corners, and are the simplest of the Japanese scripts.
You can find many scripts or pictures how to write them. I also started to learn from internet sources. But then, when I wrote something in kana (and I was really sure I'm writing it right) my friend, who studies Japanese Philology said me that it's total horrible. Then he wrote me how should it be right. So feel free to learn from this source:
Pokiaľ ste rozhodnutí sa začať učiť japončinu, mali by ste sa v prvom rade pustiť do učenia hiragany a katakany (v skratke označovaných ako kana). Ide v podstate o dve abecedy s ktorými sa stretnete naozaj všade a som si istý, že bez nich sa naozaj nezaobídete.
Čo je KANA?
Hiragana a katakana (kana) sú japonské abecedy, jedna časť japonského systému písania, ktorý tvoria okrem kany najmä kanji a vo výnimočných prípadoch aj latinský prepis romaji. Hiragane a katakane hovoríme kana systém. Obe majú zodpovedajúcu znakovú sadu (pri oboch ide o 48 znakov) v ktorej každá kana (alebo znak) predstavuje jednu moru (jeden zvuk - hlásku, sylabu).
Existujú dva systémy, ktoré predpisujú písanie kany - zastaralý iroha a najpoužívanejší gojūon.
Hiragana (平仮名, ひらがな alebo ヒラガナ)
Hiragana sa používa na písanie pôvodných slov, pre ktoré neexistuje nijaké kanji, vrátane gramatických častíc ako napr. から kara "z,s" a prípon ako napr. さん~san "pán, pani, slečna". Okrem toho sa používa napr. pri slovách, ktorých kanji forma nie je celkom jasná (to sa stáva mimochodom často) pre pisateľov, či čitateľov, alebo je príliš formálna, aby bolo použité kanji (v podstate priemerný Japonec by mal ovládať viac ako 2000 kanji, vysokoškolský vzdelaný ešte viac. Závisí od toho, komu je text určený. Je jasné, že pokiaľ píšete detské knižky, budú obsahovať minimum kanji znakov a bude prevládať hiragana). V tomto sa necháva určita flexibilnosť, či autor textu zvolí kanji alebo využije radšej hiraganu.
Skloňovanie slovies a prídavných mien, napr. be-ma-shi-ta (べました) v slove tabemashita (食べました, "jesť") sú písané v hiragane a obvykle nasledujú za koreňom slova, ktorý je napísaný v kanji (v tomto prípade to je "食"). Ak je hiragana použitá ako pomôcka na prečítanie znaku kanji (jeho výslovnosť) hovorí sa jej furigana (často sa stretnete v detských knihách).
Katakana (片仮名, カタカナ alebo かたかな)
Slovo katakana znamená "rozkúskovaná kana" alebo "roztrieštená", pretože znaky katakany sú odvodené od komponentov kanji znakov. Na rozdiel od hiragany, ktorá pokrýva slová, ktoré nemajú (jasné) kanji alebo pri gramatickej modulácií, katakana je pôvodne určená na prepis cudzích slov do japonského jazyka a písanie prebraných slov (v skratke - gairaigo). Tiež sa používa na písanie dôrazu, zvukomalebných slov alebo špecifických japonských slov ako napr. technické a vedecké termíny, názvy zvierat, rastlín a minerálov. Názvy japonských spoločností sú často písané v katakane.
Katakana sa vyznačuje krátkymi, ostrými ťahmi a hranatými rohmi, a je najjednoduchšia.
Na internete môžete nájsť veľa skrípt a obrázkov, podľa ktorých sa dá naučiť kana. Tiež som sa ju začal učiť z internetu. Lenže sa mi stalo, že som napísal niečo v kane (a bol som si istý, že je to správne) a kamarát, ktorý študuje japonskú filológiu mi povedal, že je to úplne strašné. Na to mi napísal ručne ako by to malo asi vyzerať po správnosti... Takže pokojne môžete použiť toto ako vierohodnú pomôcku na učenie sa kany :
Žiadne komentáre:
Zverejnenie komentára